Segmenting Principle

Pre-training Principle

Modality Principle

Voice Principle

Personalisation Principle

Image Principle

Mayer found that better learning outcomes are achieved when information is segmented, and students have control over the pace. For developers, this means breaking down complex information into smaller, manageable chunks. Present the information in a step-by-step approach, allowing learners to process each segment independently and build understanding gradually.

When it comes to multimedia learning, this principle states that people learn better when they already know the basics. Often, this means understanding definitions, terms or critical concepts before diving into the details. For example, you can’t expect a student to complete a task using Excel if they have no experience in the software.

This principle says that students experience deeper learning from visuals and spoken words than text and visuals. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t have text on the screen. It’s more about ensuring a balance, as too much text can overwhelm students.

This principle is straightforward. People learn better when real presenters rather than machines make voice overs. Although we are all used to Siri and Alexa, it seems we still prefer a friendly, human touch.

This principle is another common sense one. Learning with multimedia works best when it’s focused on the user. For designers, this means speaking in the first person (I, you, we, our). Avoid formal language and instead use a conversational tone to engage learners. Imagine you are in the room speaking with students.

Mayer points out that the research is still in its early stages. However, this principle suggests people may not learn better from talking head videos. High-quality, complementary visuals can often be more effective than having a speaker’s image.